Hemp vs. Marijuana: Understanding the Differences and Uses

Hemp vs. Marijuana: Understanding the Differences and Uses

Hemp and Cannabis have been grown for thousands of years and have a diverse range of uses from medicine, animale feed, sail, fule and even construction materials. However, understanding the differences between hemp and marijuana can be tricky due to their shared genetic lineage and overlapping cultural history. Despite these similarities, the legal and practical distinctions between hemp and marijuana affect how they’re used and regulated.

In this article, we’ll explore the fundamental differences between hemp and marijuana, why these differences matter, and how hemp is used in various industries today.

What’s the Difference Between Hemp and Marijuana?

Both hemp and marijuana belong to the same species, Cannabis sativa, but they have distinct definitions based on their THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis that creates the “high” often associated with marijuana use.

THC Levels

• Hemp: Legally, hemp is defined as cannabis with 0.3% THC or less by dry weight. This low concentration of THC means that hemp products won’t have psychoactive effects. While somewhat arbitrary, this legal distinction was popularized in 1979 and codified in the U.S. under the 2018 Farm Bill.
• Marijuana: Cannabis containing more than 0.3% THC by dry weight is classified as marijuana. This category includes strains bred for higher THC concentrations to produce psychoactive effects. Marijuana has been cultivated and utilized for medicinal and recreational purposes.

The Role of CBD

Both hemp and marijuana can contain cannabidiol (CBD), another cannabinoid known for its potential health benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC. CBD products derived from hemp are legal in many countries, as long as the THC level remains below the 0.3% threshold.

The History Behind the Terms “Hemp” and “Marijuana”

Historically, “cannabis” was the primary term used for the plant. However, the term “marijuana” rose to prominence in the early 20th century amid anti-immigrant and anti-cannabis sentiments in the United States. The U.S. government leveraged the term in anti-cannabis campaigns, associating marijuana with Mexican immigrants and, by extension, portraying it in a negative light. Due to these associations, “marijuana” carries controversial and racially charged connotations, and many in the industry prefer using “cannabis” as a neutral term.

Industrial Uses of Hemp: A Versatile, Eco-Friendly Crop

Hemp has been cultivated for thousands of years for its fibrous stalks, nutrient-rich seeds, and more recently, for cannabinoids like CBD. Unlike marijuana, which is primarily used for medical and recreational purposes, hemp has a variety of industrial and commercial applications. It was a major cash crop in the early days of the US and across the pond in the UK Queen Elizabeth I decreed that all farms must grow hemp to help support the Royal Navy as it was used to make rope and sails. 

Hemp Fiber: Textiles, Paper, and Beyond

Hemp fibers are incredibly strong, durable, and sustainable. They can be woven into textiles, made into ropes, or pulped into paper. Hemp was used in some of the earliest known fabrics and papers and has been essential in ship sails, ropes, and even clothing. Hemp textiles are often more durable than cotton and have natural mold resistance, making them ideal for outdoor gear and workwear.

• Textiles: Used in clothing, shoes, and even accessories, hemp fabric is breathable, biodegradable, and more eco-friendly than many synthetic fabrics. Levi Strauss’ first jeans were made from hemp.
• Paper: Hemp grows faster than trees, making it a sustainable source for paper production. Hemp paper has historically been used for banknotes, cigarette papers, and other specialty papers. The Magna Carta, A draft of the American Declaration of Independence and the first King James’ Bible were all prtinted on hemp paper. 

 

Building Materials: Hempcrete

Hemp can be processed into “hempcrete,” a building material combining hemp fibers with lime. Hempcrete is a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete with superior insulation properties. It’s also highly fire-resistant and mold-resistant, making it ideal for eco-conscious construction. 

Hemp Seeds: Nutrition and Health

Hemp seeds are a powerhouse of nutrition. They are high in protein, fiber, essential fatty acids, and various minerals. Hemp seeds are used to make a variety of food products such as:

• Hemp Milk: A dairy-free milk alternative rich in omega fatty acids.
• Hemp Protein Powder: Popular among athletes and health enthusiasts, hemp protein is a complete protein source.
• Hemp Oil: Cold-pressed hemp seed oil is a nutrient-rich oil often used in cooking and as a skin moisturizer.

Bioplastics and Composite Materials

Hemp fibers can be integrated into bioplastics and other composite materials. Hemp-based plastics are biodegradable and can reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Hemp composites are often used in automotive parts, building materials, and consumer goods as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic materials. Henry Ford, the American industrialist was granded a paten for a "plastic car"  known as the soybean or Hemp Body car which was the first of its kind to have a body entirely made of plastic. It was 30 percent lighter than a traditional metal car. Hemp was also used as a biofule to power the vehicle. 

Animal Feed and Bedding

Hemp hurd, the woody inner core of the hemp stalk, is an excellent material for animal bedding due to its absorbent and antimicrobial properties. The seeds are also nutritious for animals and are used in bird feed and pet food.

Hemp and Sustainability

Hemp’s fast growth cycle and high yield make it one of the most sustainable crops available. It requires less water than cotton, grows in a variety of climates, and doesn’t deplete the soil. Its deep roots can even help prevent soil erosion and improve soil health over time. As global industries search for sustainable materials, hemp’s versatility and minimal environmental impact make it an ideal choice.

Conclusion

Hemp and marijuana, though often confused, have distinct legal and functional differences. Hemp, with its minimal THC content, is cultivated for its versatile applications in food, textiles, construction, and more. Marijuana, with higher THC, remains primarily a medicinal and recreational crop. Hemp’s eco-friendly profile and adaptability continue to fuel its resurgence in industries worldwide, positioning it as a valuable component of a sustainable future.